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| Names | Nakamuraza Saruwakaza Torigoeza |
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| City | Edo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History |
15th day of the 2nd lunar month of 1624: Saruwaka Kanzaburô obtains a licence issued by the Shogounal authorities, granting him with the right to produce theater shows. The theater is built in the district of Nakahashi, at the current location of the Maruzen Department Store (Nihombashi). 3rd lunar month of 1624: first performance at the Saruwakaza. 4th lunar month of 1632: Saruwaka Kanzaburô receives the order to move his theater; He moves to the district of Negi-chô (corresponding grosso modo to the current district of Ningyô-chô). 29th day of the 1st lunar month of 1641: both the Murayamaza and the Nakamuraza are burnt in a big fire. 5th lunar month of 1651: Nakamura Kanzaburô I receives one more time the order to move his theater; He moves to the district of Sakai-chô. 18th day of the 1st lunar month of 1657: a fire breaks out in the Honmyôji temple in the district of Hongô and devastates Edo. All the Kabuki theaters are destroyed by the flames. This fire is nicknamed "furisode kaji" (the "long-sleeve fire"). 9th day of the 6th lunar month of 1658: the zamoto Nakamura Kanzaburô I (1598~1658) dies. 14th day of the 1st lunar month of 1660: a fire breaks out in the district of Yushima. It spreads and burns the Ichimuraza, the Nakamuraza and the newly-constructed Moritaza. 28th day of the 10th lunar month of 1661: both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza are burnt in a big fire. 10th lunar month of 1670: the number of Kabuki theaters in the city of Edo is set to 4 by the authorities. The authorized theaters are the Nakamuraza (in the district of Sakai-chô), the Ichimura-Takenojôza (Fukiya-chô), Moritaza (Kobiki-chô) and the Yamamuraza (Kobiki-chô). 26th day of the 8th lunar month of 1674: the zamoto Nakamura Kanzaburô II (1647~1674) dies. 26th day of the 12th lunar month of 1676: a fire breaks out in the district of Hama-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 11th day of the 8th lunar month of 1678: the zamoto Nakamura Kanzaburô III (1649~1678) dies. 29th day of the 5th lunar month of 1679: a fire breaks out in the puppets theater Ôsaka Shichidayûza in the district of Sakai-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 28th day of the 12th lunar month of 1682: a fire started by Yaoya Oshichi breaks out in the Daienji Temple in the district of Komagome. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. This fire is nicknamed "Oshichi Kaji" (the "Oshichi fire"). 16th day of the 12th lunar month of 1683: a fire breaks out in the Nakamuraza in the district of Sakai-chô. It spreads and burns also the Ichimuraza. 3rd lunar month of 1684: the star Ichikawa Danjûrô I plays for the first time the role of the wicked priest Narukami in the drama "Kadomatsu Shitennô", which is staged at Nakamuraza. He is the author of the play and his stage partner in the role of Princess Taema is the onnagata actor Itô Kodayû II. 11th lunar month of 1696: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the first version of "Onna Narukami", which is entitled "Neko no Koneko"; it stars Ogino Sawanojô in the role of the nun Narukami. Others actors are Ichikawa Danjûrô I, Sodeoka Masanosuke II, Nakamura Shichisaburô I, Nakamura Denkurô I, Nakajima Kanzaemon I, Ôtani Hiroemon I and Murayama Jûheiji. 1st lunar month of 1697: premiere of the bombastic "Shibaraku" scene (kabuki jûhachiban), at the Nakamuraza, performed within the drama "Daifukuchô Sankai Nagoya". Ichikawa Danjûrô I plays the superhero role and his stage partners are the onnagata Ogino Sawanojô and the katakiyaku Yamanaka Heikurô I. 10th day of the 12th lunar month of 1698: a fire breaks out in the district of Nihombashi Hongoku-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 1st lunar month of 1701: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the bombastic play "Zôhiki" (kabuki jûhachiban), included in the drama "Keisei Ôshôkun". The hero and the villain are played by Ichikawa Danjûrô I and Yamanaka Heikurô I. 29 november 1703: an earthquake hits Edo and the resulting fires destroy the city. The 4 main theaters, the Nakamuraza, the Ichimuraza, the Moritaza and the Yamamuraza, are burnt to ashes. This catastrophe is nicknamed "Genroku Jishin Kaji" ("Genroku Earthquake and Fire"). 14th day of the 1st lunar month of 1706: a fire breaks out in the district of Kanda Renjaku-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 20th day of the 11th lunar month of 1706: a fire breaks out in the district of Izumi-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 8th day of the 3rd lunar month of 1707: a fire breaks out in the district of Kodemma-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 1st lunar month of 1709: the 4 Edo theaters, the Nakamuraza, the Ichimuraza, the Moritaza and the Yamamuraza, produce simultaneously a sogamono new year drama. This is the beginning of a custom that is still somehow observed nowadays. 18th day of the 12th lunar month of 1710: a fire breaks out in the somptuous palace of the daimyô Sanada, located in the district of Kanda Koyanagi-chô. It spreads and destroy both the Nakamuraza and the Ichimuraza. 23rd day of the 2nd lunar month of 1712: a fire breaks out in the district of Horie-Chô. It spreads and destroy both the Nakamuraza and the Ichimuraza. 22nd day of the 12th lunar month of 1713: a fire breaks out in the district of Shitaya Byôbusaka and spreads to others sections of Edo, destroying both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 11th day of the 1st lunar month of 1716: a fire breaks out in the district of Shitaya Ike-no-Hata and spreads to others sections of Edo, destroying both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 22nd day of the 1st lunar month of 1717: a fire breaks out in the district of Koishikawa and spreads to others sections of Edo, destroying both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 5th lunar month of 1717: Chikamatsu Monzaemon I's masterpiece "Kokusen'ya Gassen" is produced simultaneously in the 3 Edo Kabuki theaters. This is the first Kabuki adaptation of a puppet theater play in Edo. It is produced at the Nakamuraza under the title "Kokusen'ya Takarabune" and performed with the following casting:
1st lunar month of 1719: Chikamatsu Monzaemon I's play "Sonezaki Shinjû" is performed for the first time at the Nakamuraza, starring Ichikawa Danjûrô II and Sanogawa Mangiku in the roles of Hiranoya Tokubei and the courtesan Ohatsu (Tokubei's lover). 1st lunar month of 1720: first Kabuki adaptation of Chikamatsu Monzaemon I's puppet theater shinjûmono "Shinjû Kasane Izutsu", which was written in 1707. The same play is simultaneously produced in the 3 Edo theaters and commemorates the 16th anniversary (17th memorial service) of the suicide of the couple Tokubei and Ofusa, whose roles are played by Ôtani Hiroji I and Sanogawa Mangiku at the Nakamuraza. 13th day of the 1st lunar month of 1720: a fire breaks out in the district of Sakai-chô; the Nakamuraza is half-burnt. 10th day of the 12th lunar month of 1721: a fire breaks out in the district of Kanda Tominaga-chô and spreads to others sections of Edo, destroying the Nakamuraza and the Ichimuraza. 27th day of the 11th lunar month of 1726: a fire breaks out in the shibai jaya Maruya, located in the district of Fukiya-chô, and spreads to others sections of Edo, destroying both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 11th lunar month of 1727: for the first time in Kabuki history, a trap door is used on a Kabuki stage for actors stage entrances (seri dashi) during the kaomise drama "Yatsumune Taiheiki", which is produced at the Nakamuraza. This program also celebrates the return of Ôtani Hiroji I in Edo after 5 years spent in Kyôto and the first stage appearance for Ichikawa Masugorô. Here is the casting:
Fall 1730: the play "Meigetsu Gonin Otoko" ("Five men under the August moon") is performed at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
1st lunar month of 1731: for the first time in Kabuki history, the hikinuki technique is used on stage, during the performance of the drama the "Keisei Fukubiki Nagoya", which is staged at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
3rd lunar month of 1731: Segawa Kikunojô I plays at the Nakamuraza the leading role of the first dôjôjimono of Kabuki history, called "Mugen no Kane Shindôjôji". 9th lunar month of 1732: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the drama "Kagekiyo", which is produced under the title "Ôichô Sakae Kagekiyo" and performed with the following casting:
11th lunar month of 1740: Ichikawa Danzaburô II takes the name of Ichikawa Danzô III at the Nakamuraza, playing the role of Murayama Hikoshirô in the kaomise drama "Miyabashira Taiheiki". 7th lunar month of 1742: Chikamatsu Monzaemon I's "Keisei Hangonkô" is staged for the first time in Edo, at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
7~9th day of the 8th lunar month of 1742: a violent typhoon hits Edo, causing floods in the city; the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza have to stop their performances for a while. 2nd lunar month of 1744: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the Nagauta-based dôjôjimono "Momo Chidori Musume Dôjôji". The leading female role is played by Segawa Kikunojô I and his two stage partners are Ichikawa Ebizô II and Ôtani Hiroji I. February (end of month) 1746: a fire breaks out in the district of Tsukiji, in the mansion of Tsubouchi Gonzaemon. It spreads and destroys the Nakamuraza, the Ichimuraza and the Moritaza. 5th lunar month of 1747: the play "Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami" is produced at the Nakamuraza for the first time, with the following casting:
5th lunar month of 1748: the drama "Yoshitsune Sembon Zakura" is staged for the first time in Edo, at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
6th lunar month of 1749: the drama "Kanadehon Chûshingura" is produced at the Nakamuraza for the first time, with the following casting:
8th lunar month of 1750: Nakamura Kanzaburô VI and his son Nakamura Akashi III respectively take the names of Nakamura Kankurô II and Nakamura Kanzaburô VII. Nakamura Kankurô II is no more the official head of the Nakamuraza but he unofficially keeps on working as a zamoto up to 1751. 7th lunar month of 1751: the drama "Koi Nyôbô Somewake Tazuna" is staged for the first time in Edo, at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
3rd ~ 6th lunar months of 1753: the Kamigata star Nakamura Tomijûrô I achieves an huge success for several months by playing the main role of the dance "Kyôganoko Musume Dôjôji", which is performed for the first time in Kabuki history, at the Nakamuraza [print]. 3rd lunar month of 1754: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the dance "Hanabusa Shûjaku no Shishi"; the leading role of this dance is played by Nakamura Tomijûrô I. 11th lunar month of 1754: great shûmei at the Nakamuraza; Matsumoto Kôshirô II and Matsumoto Kôzô take the respective names of Ichikawa Danjûrô IV and Matsumoto Kôshirô III during the kaomise program "Miura no Ôsuke Bumon no Kotobuki". 14th day of the 1st lunar month of 1756: a fire breaks out in the district of Shinzaimoku-chô. It spreads and destroys both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 2nd lunar month of 1760: a fire breaks out in the district of Kanda and spreads to Sûzaki in the district of Fukagawa. It destroys both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. It is called "Akashiya no Kaji" ("the Akashiya fire"), based on the name of the shop where it started. 17th day of the 9th lunar month of 1761: a fire breaks out in the Gekiza theater. It destroys the Ichimuraza and damages the Nakamuraza. 29th day of the 2nd lunar month of 1766: a fire breaks out in the district of Sakai-chô, in the cosmetics shop owned and managed by the actor Onoe Kikugorô I. It destroys both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. This fire is nicknamed "Kikugorô Aburamise Kaji" ("Kikugorô's cosmetics shop fire"). 7th lunar month of 1768: the play "Otokodate Itsutsu Karigane" is performed at the Nakamura with the following casting:
7th lunar month of 1768: the play "Natsu Matsuri Naniwa Kagami" is produced for the first time at the Nakamuraza, with the following casting:
1st lunar month of 1771: Matsumoto Kôshirô II achieves a great success at the Nakamuraza by playing the deity Aizen Myôô and the seven roles of Kagekiyo in the new year drama "Sakaichô Soga no Nendaiki". 11th lunar month of 1773: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the play "Gohiiki Kanjinchô", performed as a kaomise drama. This 46-days long performance, which is also the shûmei of Nakamura Rikô I, is a tremendous success. Casting:
3rd lunar month of 1775: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Kawatake Shinshichi I's Tokiwazu-based dance-drama "Shinobu-gusa Koi no Utsushie", in which Nakamura Nakazô I plays in the same theater the role of the woman selling shinobu, in reality the evil monk Dainichibô. "Nakazô wanted to dance "Musume Dôjôji" (Maiden at Dôjôji), the story of a young woman's consuming, unrequited passion for a young monk of the temple Dôjôji, but this was the special preserve of the two [..] female impersonators, Kikunojô I and Tomijûrô I. So the playwright Kawatake Shinshichi devised an ingenious alternative version of "Dôjôji", in which the evil monk Dainichibô appeared disguised as a woman selling hare's-foot fern (shinobu), and Nakazô I first performed the Shinobu Uri (Seller of the Hare's-foot Fern), including a dance sequence, to great acclaim at the New Year of 1775" (from "The Actor's Image"). 3rd lunar month of 1776: first Kabuki adaptation of Matsu Kanshi I's puppet theater drama "Koi Musume Mukashi Hachijô", which was written in 1775. The play is performed in Edo at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
11th lunar month of 1775: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Kanai Sanshô's Tomimoto-based dance-drama "Shijûhatte Koi no Showake", the first version of "Oshidori", which is staged within the kaomise drama "Hana Zumô Genji Biiki". The music is written by Namisaki Tokuji I and the singer is Tomimoto Toyoshidayû II. It is staged with the following casting:
5th lunar month of 1776: the play "Honchô Nijûshikô" is performed for the first time in Edo, at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
7th lunar month of 1778: premiere of the play "Date Kurabe Okuni Kabuki", which is performed at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
11th lunar month of 1778: Yoshizawa Sakinosuke III takes the name of Yoshizawa Ayame IV at the Nakamuraza, playing the role of Onoe in the kaomise drama "Motomishi Yuki Sakae Hachinoki". 11th lunar month of 1781: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the dance-drama "Waga Sekogakoi no Aizuchi" (commonly called "Kumo no Hyôshimai"), which is performed within the kaomise program "Shitennô Tonoi no Kisewata" with the following casting:
28th day of the 10th lunar month of 1783: a fire breaks out in Edo in the district of Kodemma-chô, which spreads and burns the Nakamuraza. 11th lunar month of 1788: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the Tokiwazu-based dance-drama "Modori Kago Iro ni Aikata", which is staged within Sakurada Jisuke I's kaomise program "Tôzumô Hana no Edokata" with the following casting:
1st lunar month of 1791: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the Nagauta-based dance "Taimen Hana no Harukoma", which is performed at the end of the new year program "Haru no Sekai Nigiwai Soga" with the following casting:
Fall 1793: the Nakamuraza goes out of business and gives its license to the Miyakoza. 11th lunar month of 1797: the Nakamuraza reopens. 4th day of the 11th lunar month of 1802: a fire breaks out in Edo in the district of Naniwa-chô and destroys both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 8th lunar month of 1803: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the Sakurada Jisuke I's drama "Banzui Chôbei Shôjin Manaita", which commemorates the 1st anniversary of the death of Matsumoto Kôshirô IV and is staged with the following casting:
13th day of the 11th lunar month of 1806: a fire breaks out from the shop of the hair-dresser Tomokurô in the district of Nihombashi Fukiya-chô. It spreads and burns both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza, killing many spectators. 11th lunar month of 1807: grand shûmei for the Hamamuraya guild, at the Nakamuraza, where Segawa Rokô III and Segawa Michinosuke respectively take the names of Segawa Senjo and Segawa Rokô IV. They perform together in the kaomise drama "Kaikei Yuki no Konoshita"; their main stage partners are Ichikawa Omezô I, Bandô Hikosaburô III, Arashi Otohachi II and Ôtani Oniji IV. 7th lunar month of 1808: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Segawa Jokô II's drama "Zôho Izari no Adauchi", which is staged with the following casting:
10th lunar month of 1808: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the drama "Kuruwa Bunshô", performed with the following casting:
1st day of the 1st lunar month of 1809: a fire breaks out in the district of Nihombashi Sanai-chô and destroys both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 4th lunar month of 1809: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 7-role Nagauta-based dance-drama "Kantan Sono no Kikuchô", which is staged to commemorate the 36th anniversary (37th memorial service) of the passing away of late Segawa Kikunojô II. The dancers are:
(*) "Onna Date" is still part of the current Kabuki repertoire. 3rd day of the 5th lunar month of 1810: Nakamura Kanzaburô X, who managed the theater from the 6th lunar month of 1786 to the 4th lunar month of 1787 and ran away because of the debts, dies. 9th lunar month of 1810: Chikamatsu Monzaemon I's drama "Komochi Yamamba" is staged for the first time in Edo, at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
3rd lunar month of 1811: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 7-role Nagauta-based hengemono "Osozakura Teniha no Nana Moji"; the seven roles are performed by Nakamura Utaemon III. The 4th role is still part of the current repertoire and is staged under the title "Echigo Jishi". 9th lunar month of 1812: the actor Nakamura Utaemon III, who is about to travel back to his native Kamigata after more than 4 years spent in Edo, performs his onagori kyôgen at the Nakamuraza, which includes the premiere of a sambasô titled "Mata Kuru Haru Suzuna no Tanemaki". The roles of Sambasô, Senzai and Okina were performed by Nakamura Utaemon III, Nakamura Akashi IV and Nakamura Shichisaburô IV. 3rd lunar month of 1813: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 12-role hengemono "Shiki no Nagame Yosete Mitsudaiji", made up of twelve dances, one for each month of the lunar calendar. All the roles are played by Bandô Mitsugorô III, including the Bonito seller, which is still part of the current Kabuki repertoire under the title "Katsuo Uri". 29th day of the 11th lunar month of 1813: a fire breaks out in the district of Takasago-chô and destroys both the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 12th day of the 1st lunar month of 1817: a fire breaks out in the district of Norimono-chô and destroys both the Nakamuraza and the Kiriza. 2nd lunar month of 1818: the play "Kamakura Sandaiki" is staged for the first time in in Edo, at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
9th lunar month of 1819: the actor Nakamura Shikan I, who is about to travel back to his native Kamigata, performs his onagori kyôgen at the Nakamuraza, which includes a spectacular 9-role hengemono which is titled "Onagori Oshie no Mazebari". One of these roles is the independent dance "Tobae". This is also the first adaptation to Kabuki (in ôshibai!) of the drama "Seishû Akogi-ga-Ura", which is staged with the following casting:
9th lunar month of 1820: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 7-role hengemono "Setsugekka Nagori no Bundai". All the seven dances are played by Bandô Mitsugorô III. Three dances ("Asazuma Bune", "Makasho" and "Tama Usagi") are still part of the current Kabuki repertoire. 7th lunar month of 1825: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Tsuruya Namboku IV's ghost play "Tôkaidô Yotsuya Kaidan", which is staged with the following casting:
9th lunar month of 1825: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Tsuruya Namboku IV's drama "Kamikakete Sango Taisetsu", which is staged with the following casting:
11th lunar month of 1825: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Tsuruya Namboku IV's drama "Oniwaka Kongen Butai". The main roles are played by Ichikawa Danjûrô VII, Iwai Shijaku I (Osome) and Iwai Kumesaburô II (Hisamatsu). The michiyuki, which is called "Ukine no Tomodori", is still part of the current Kabuki repertoire. 8th day of the 12th lunar month of 1825: a fire breaks out in the puppet theater Yûkiza, district of Fukiya-chô, and destroys both the Nakamuraza and the Ichimuraza. 3rd day of the 1st lunar month of 1827: a fire breaks out from the third floor of the Ichimuraza and destroys the Ichimuraza, the Nakamuraza and 2 puppet theaters. 1st lunar month of 1828: revival at the Nakamuraza of the dance-drama "Oshidori" by Segawa Jokô II in a 2-part dance-drama, the Tomimoto-based "Shijûhatte Koi no Showake" (the "Sumô" part) and the Tokiwazu-based "Imosedori Sugata no Masayume" (the "Oshidori" part). It is staged within the new year drama "Suikoden Soga no Fûryû". The lead singer for the Tomimoto music is Tomimoto Umanosuke II; the Tokiwazu music is written by Kishizawa Shikisa V and the singer is Tokiwazu Komojidayû I. It is staged with the following casting:
3rd lunar month of 1828: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 7-role hengemono "Nijirigaki Nanatsu Iroha", which is performed by Nakamura Shikan II. One of the role, "Tomo Yakko", is still part of the current Kabuki repertoire. 9th lunar month of 1828: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the drama "Nochi no Tsuki Shuen no Shimadai" (commonly called "Kakuemon"). The main roles are played by Nakamura Shikan II and Segawa Kikunojô V. 1st lunar month of 1829: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Tsuruya Namboku IV's drama "Kin no Zai Saru Shima Dairi". The main roles are played by Segawa Kikunojô V (Takiyasha) and Nakamura Shikan II (Bandô Tarô). 21st day of the 3rd lunar month of 1829: a fire breaks out from the shop of Owariya Tokuemon, in the district of Kanda Sakuma-chô. It spreads and destroys the Edo theaters district. The Moritaza, the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza are burnt to ashes. 8th lunar month of 1829: Nakamura Kanzaburô XI dies. 11th lunar month of 1829: Nakamura Denkurô V takes the name of Nakamura Kanzaburô XII and becomes the new official zamoto of the Nakamuraza. He produces the drama "Kin no Zai Sarushima Dairi" with the ators Matsumoto Kôshirô V, Segawa Kikunojô V, Nakamura Shikan II, Mimasu Gennosuke I, Arashi Kanjûrô I and Sakata Hangorô IV. 3rd lunar month of 1830: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 9-role hengemono "Minokoshite Haru no Kokonoe"; Nakamura Shikan II plays all the roles, including the Yashima Court Lady, which is still part of the current Kabuki repertoire under the title "Kanjo". 23rd day of the 12th lunar month of 1830: a fire breaks out in the district of Nihombashi Kodemma-chô. It spreads and destroys the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 3rd lunar month of 1831: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the five-role hengemono "Rokkasen Sugata no Irodori". It stars Nakamura Shikan II in the five roles of Sôjô Henjô, Ariwara no Narihira, Bun'ya no Yasuhide, Kisen and Ôtomo no Kuronushi. His stage partner in the role of Ono no Komachi is Iwai Kumesaburô II. 3rd lunar month of 1832: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 3-part Kiyomoto-based dance "Yayoi no Hana Asakusa Matsuri", starring Bandô Mitsugorô IV and Nakamura Shikan II in the leading roles. This dance is still sometimes performed in its entirety but the first part, "Sanja Matsuri" is frequently staged independently. 11th lunar month of 1832: great shûmei at the Nakamuraza for the Iwai clan; Iwai Hanshirô V, Iwai Kumesaburô II and Iwai Hisajirô II respectively take the names of Iwai Tojaku, Iwai Hanshirô VI and Iwai Kumesaburô III. They play together in Segawa Jokô II's drama "Goban Tadanobu Yuki no Kuroshiro". 7th day of the 2nd lunar month of 1834: a fire breaks out in the district of Kanda Sakuma-chô. It spreads and destroys the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 3rd lunar month of 1839: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the 8-role hengemono "Hana Goyomi Iro no Showake", which is performed by Nakamura Utaemon IV. One of the role, "Toshima", is still part of the current Kabuki repertoire. Nakamura Komasaburô takes the name of Nakamura Fukusuke I during this performance. 8th lunar month of 1840: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the drama "Koi Minato Hakata no Hitofushi", a revised version of Chikamatsu Monzaemon I's masterpiece "Hakata Kojorô Nami Makura", which is staged with the following casting:
7th lunar month of 1841: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the dance "Ame no Gorô", which is performed by Onoe Tamizô II as part of a nine-role hengemono titled "Yae Kokonoe Hana no Sugatae". 6th day of the 10th lunar month of 1841: a fire breaks out from the backstages of the Nakamuraza in the district of Kanda Sakai-chô. It spreads and destroys the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 20th day of the 10th lunar month of 1841: the Edo authorities forbid the reconstruction of the destroyed theaters in Sakai-chô. 19th day of the 12th lunar month of 1841: the Nakamuraza, Ichimuraza and Kawarazakiza are ordered to move to the remote district of Asakusa Saruwaka-chô. 7th lunar month of 1842: the construction of the new Nakamuraza is completed. 10th lunar month of 1842: opening ceremony for the new Nakamuraza; Nakamura Kanzaburô XII produces the drama "Kinryûzan Chikai no Ishizue" with the actors Iwai Tojaku, Sawamura Tosshô II, Arashi Kichisaburô III, Onoe Eizaburô III, Bandô Hikosaburô IV, Osagawa Tsuneyo IV, Arashi Izaburô II and Ichikawa Danzaburô V. 1843: Nakamura Kanzaburô XII is condemned by the Edo Authorities for falsification of documents related to the number of shibai jaya in his theater. As a punishment, he is handcuffed at home and his theater is temporarily closed (no kaomise in November). 3rd lunar month of 1844: end of punishment for Nakamura Kanzaburô XII, who has to pay a heavy fine in order to get his handcuffs removed. He produces the drama "Sugata no Hana Yayoi no Kagamiyama", which celebrates the shûmei of Iwai Hanshirô VII, Matsumoto Kôshirô VI and Ichikawa Komazô VII. 1st lunar month of 1845: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the dance "Awa Mochi", which is staged under the title "Hana no Hoka Niwaka no Kyokuzuki" in the new year program "Tama Tsubaki Gempei Soga". The roles of the awa mochi makers are played by Nakamura Utaemon IV and Ichikawa Kuzô II. 4th lunar month of 1850: Nakamura Kanzaburô XII gives his name to his son Nakamura Denzô III (who becomes Nakamura Kanzaburô XIII) and retires, taking the name of Nakamura Kankurô III. 9th lunar month of 1850: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the drama "Minoriyoshi Kogane no Kikuzuki", a revision by Segawa Jokô III of the ghost play "Banshû Sarayashiki", which stars Ichikawa Danjûrô VIII, Ichikawa Kodanji IV, Bandô Shûka I and Nakayama Ichizô in the roles of Asayama Tetsuzan, the koshimoto Okiku, Hatsushiba and Iwabuchi Chûta. 4th lunar month of 1851: premiere at the Nakamuraza of the Tokiwazu-based dance "Kioi Jishi Kabuki no Hanakago", commonly called "Kioi Jishi", starring Ichikawa Kodanji IV, Bandô Takesaburô I, Onoe Kikujirô II and Iwai Kumesaburô III. 8th lunar month of 1851: premiere of Segawa Jokô III's drama "Higashiyama Sakura Zôshi" (commonly called "Sakura Giminden"), which is staged at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
11th day of the 10th lunar month of 1851: the actor and zamoto Nakamura Kanzaburô XII (1800~1851) dies. 3rd lunar month of 1853: premiere of Segawa Jokô III's drama "Yowa Nasake Ukina no Yokogushi" (commonly called "Kirare Yosa"), which is staged at the Nakamuraza with the following casting:
5th day of the 11th lunar month of 1854: a big fire breaks out in the district of Seiten-chô and reduces to ashes the Ichimuraza, the Nakamuraza and the Moritaza. 2nd day of the 10th lunar month of 1855: the Ansei earthquake (Ansei Daijishin) destroys the Nakamuraza. 22nd 4th lunar month of 1864: a fire breaks out in a Moritaza's shibai jaya; it quickly spreads and burns the Moritaza, the Ichimuraza and the Nakamuraza. 7th lunar month of 1869: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Kawatake Shinshichi II's drama "Kichisama Mairu Yukari no Otozure". The main roles are played by Onoe Kikugorô V and Bandô Mitsugorô VI. 3rd lunar month of 1870: premiere at the Nakamuraza of "Ume Goyomi Tatsumi no Sono", an adaptation to Kabuki by Kawatake Shinshichi II and Segawa Jokô III of Tamenaga Shunsui's 1833 novel, which is staged under the title "Ume Goyomi Tatsumi no Sono" with the following casting:
June 1873: premiere at the Nakamuraza of Kawatake Shinshichi II's drama "Tsuyu Kosode Mukashi Hachijô" (commonly called "Kamiyui Shinza"), staged with the following casting:
1875: Nakamura Kanzaburô XIII retires and entrusts the management of the Nakamuraza to the actor Nakamura Nakazô III. 31 December 1876: a fire breaks out in Edo in Asakusa and destroys both the Satsumaza and the Nakamuraza. 1877: the new zamoto is Hirano Gihei, who rebuild the theater and rename it Miyakoza, the name of one of the hikae yagura of the Nakamuraza during the Edo period. July 1878 ~ December 1878: the Miyakoza opens, runs for a few months and quickly goes bankrupt. July 1879: the theater reopens under the name of Saruwakaza; his new zamoto is Iwai Kumesaburô IV, the adopted son of Nakamura Kanzaburô XIII's brother-in-law Iwai Hanshirô VIII. 23 May 1880: premiere at the Saruwakaza of Kawatake Shinshichi II's drama "Arimatsuzome Sumô Yukata", which is staged with the following casting:
May 1881: premiere at the Saruwakaza of Kawatake Shinshichi II's drama "Ôsakazuki Shusen no Tsuwamono", which is staged with the following casting:
23 January 1882: a fire destroys the Saruwakaza. June 1882: Nakamura Akashi V, the new manager of the Saruwakaza, who can't rebuild the theater, rents the Shintomiza and produces the dramas "Kawanakajima Azuma Nishikie", "Kiri Kogata Kyô no Benisome" and the dance "Mochizuki". This program welcomes in Tôkyô the Kamigata actor Ichikawa Udanji I. June 1882: premiere at the Saruwakaza of Kawatake Mokuami's Nagauta-based matsubamemono "Imayô Mochizuki" (commonly called "Mochizuki"), which is staged with the following casting:
1883 ~ October 1884: the Saruwakaza is closed. Fall 1884: the theater is rebuilt in the district of Asakusa Torigoe-Chô and takes the name of Saruwakaza. November 1884: premiere at the Saruwakaza of Kawatake Mokuami's katsureki drama "Hôjô Kudai Meika no Isaoshi", which is staged with the following casting:
23 January 1885: a fire breaks out in the Saruwakaza and reduces it to ashes. June 1886: the theater is rebuilt, renamed Nakamuraza and reopens. Summer 1891: the Nakamuraza goes bankrupt. January 1892: the theater reopens and is renamed Torigoeza. 22 January 1893: a fire breaks out in the district of Torigoe-chô and reduces to ashes the Torigoeza. The Nakamura clan can't find the money to rebuild it, putting an end to a 269 years long history. |
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